Progress of fluid inclusion research in fluorite deposits in China
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摘要:
流体包裹体研究是揭示成矿流体来源与演化的重要手段，而萤石是流体包裹体研究的理想对象。本文选取中国主要萤石矿集区32个典型矿床为研究对象，总结了流体包裹体岩相学特征，并按不同矿床类型统计原生流体包裹体显微测温结果，探讨了萤石沉淀成矿机制。结果表明，岩浆期后热液型、火山—次火山热液型及热卤水型萤石矿床流体包裹体均一温度（集中在120℃~240℃）、密度（主要为0.8~1.0 g/cm3）相近，热卤水型萤石矿床成矿流体盐度高于岩浆期后热液型和火山—次火山热液型矿床。从成矿早期到晚期，大多数矿床成矿流体的盐度、温度逐渐降低。中国萤石矿床总体呈现浅成低温热液成矿的特征。地质事实和已有文献资料表明，萤石沉淀成矿的主要的机制可能不是水—岩反应，而是降温冷却和流体混合，不同矿床萤石主要沉淀成矿机制可能不同。水—岩反应主要在成矿物质集聚过程起重要作用。在总结前人研究的基础上，本文认为当前萤石矿床流体包裹体研究面临的主要问题是：1）流体包裹体组合（FIA）方法在显微测温上应用不足；2）流体包裹体成分分析以定性为主；3）成矿压力、深度估算方法适用性较低。针对这些问题，提出了相应的解决建议，以期推动萤石矿床流体包裹体研究进一步发展。
Abstract:Study on fluid inclusions is an important means of revealing the source and evolution of ore-forming materials, and fluorite is an ideal object for the study of inclusions. Micro thermometry data of primary fluid inclusions were collected from 32 typical fluorite deposits in the main fluorite mining areas of China, based on different deposit types. The results showed that the fluid inclusions of post magmatic hydrothermal, volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal, and hot brine fluorite deposits had similar uniform temperatures(concentrated at 120 ℃ ~240 ℃) and densities(mainly 0.8~1.0 g/cm3). The salinity of the ore-forming fluid in hot brine fluorite deposits is higher than that in post magmatic hydrothermal and volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal deposits. From the early to late stages of mineralization, the salinity and temperature of the ore-forming fluids in most deposits gradually decrease. The overall characteristics of fluorite deposits are characterized by shallow low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization. Geological facts and existing literature indicate that the main mechanism of fluorite precipitation mineralization may not be water-rock reaction, but cooling and fluid mixing.The main precipitation mineralization mechanism of fluorite in different deposits may be different. Water-rock reaction plays an important role in the accumulation process of ore-forming materials. Based on the previous studies, the article proposes that the main problems faced by current research on fluid inclusions in fluorite deposits are: 1)insufficient application of fluid inclusion assembly(FIA)method in micro thermometry; 2)the analysis of fluid inclusion composition is mainly qualitative; 3)the applicability of ore-forming pressure and depth estimation methods is relatively low. Finally, suggestions are put forward to solve these problems.
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图 3
典型矿床流体包裹体盐度—均一温度协变图（数据来源同表 1；底图据杨世文等，2022修改）
Figure 3.
Salinity vs. homogeneous temperature diagram of fluid inclusions in typical fluorite deposits (data source referred to Table 1; basemap modified from Yang et al., 2022)
表 1
萤石矿床原生流体包裹体显微测温结果
Table 1.
Micro-thermometric data of inclusions form different types of fluorite deposits
矿床类型 典型萤石矿床 样品描述 均一温度集中分布范围/ ℃ 盐度集中分布范围/% 密度均值/（g/cm3） 资料来源 岩浆期后热液型 河南塔山 紫色萤石（早）
浅绿色萤石（晚）140~170
130~1601~13
0.09~30.95
1.01张凯涛等，2023 河南陈楼 第Ⅱ阶段萤石
第Ⅲ阶段萤石
（主成矿阶段）219~358
128~2800.18~1.66
0.17~2.460.81
0.81庞绪成等，2019 河南马丢 Ⅰ阶段萤石
Ⅱ阶段萤石170~210
130~1700.88~1.40
0.18~0.700.87
0.92Zhao et al.，2020 浙江高坞山—蕉坑坞 细粒条带状萤石
巨晶块状萤石130~150，175~200
135~1700.18~3.06
0.18~4.18—
—闫飞等，2010 江西隆坪 早阶段萤石
主阶段萤石
晚阶段萤石140~180，200~260
140~180
130~1601.8~2.0
1.4~2.6
1.2~1.80.91
0.90
0.94杨世文等，2022 江西南坑 萤石 130~210 1.5~3.0 0.92 文化川和汪建中，1992 江西同达 萤石 160~180 1.50~1.75，
2.50~2.750.87~0.95 Yang et al.，2022 新疆卡尔恰尔 紫色萤石（三相包裹体）
紫色萤石（富液包裹体）240~359
120~1403.39~3.58
2~4—
—吴益平等，2022 内蒙古五间房 Ⅱ阶段萤石
Ⅲ阶段萤石（主成矿阶段）
Ⅳ阶段萤石304~369
229~259
187~1976.3~9.3
7.9~9.9
1.1~1.8—
—
—Duan et al.，2022 广西双花江 萤石 165~180 0.18~3 — Li et al.，2022 福建南舟 萤石 140~200 0.88~1.22 — Liu et al.，2023 吉林南梨树 萤石 120~170 0.35~4.03 0.94 Ye et al.，2022 青海德里特 萤石（石英—萤石阶段） 107~134 0.18~3.53 0.96 王焕鑫等，2021 河北招素沟 萤石 180~220 1.5~2.0 0.75 代晓光等，2021 火山—次火山热液型 浙江武义杨家 萤石 110~180 3.1~5.2 0.96 韩文彬等，1991 浙江武义余山头 萤石 95~130 1.6~4.8 0.94 浙江武义茭塘 萤石 130~180 4.0~5.2 0.96 浙江缙云骨洞坑 萤石 150~190 0.3~1.5 0.86 方乙等，2017 内蒙古林西水头 早阶段萤石
晚阶段萤石160~220
140~2000.8~2.8
0.4~1.60.88
0.86张寿庭等，2014 内蒙古林西小北沟 早阶段萤石
晚阶段萤石180~240
160~1800.2~0.6
0.2~1.00.87
0.89王亮等，2018 辽宁义县 萤石 130~150 2.0~2.25 0.95 杨子荣等，2010 内蒙古于家店 Ⅱ-1阶段萤石
Ⅱ-2阶段萤石
Ⅲ阶段萤石137.6~234.9
131.2~211.2
109.7~197.20.18~3.21
0.35~2.07
0.18~1.400.79~0.99
0.80~1.00
0.83~0.98Wang et al.，2020 热卤水型 重庆彭水红花岭 萤石 95~199 1.74~20.62 0.90~1.11 李蝶等，2019 重庆武隆桐梓 萤石 155~270 20.4 1.05 潘忠华和范德廉，1994 重庆酉阳小坝 萤石 145~260 4.9~8.8 0.93 重庆郎溪 第一阶段萤石 140~200 4.34~21.68 0.92 Zou et al.，2020 第二阶段萤石 140~180 5.26~20.07 0.96 四川足补 萤石 130~180 4~12 — Yu et al.，2022 贵州普安 萤石 100~148 2.07~4.03 — 代德荣等，2018 贵州晴隆 萤石 112~196 1.91~5.71 — 贵州贞丰 萤石 122~173 2.74~5.26 — 贵州望谟 萤石 115~264 2.41~5.86 — 贵州双河 早期萤石
晚期萤石100~130
110~12012.56~20.84
5.37~10.60，
14.98~20.511.06
1.04李敏等，2021 表中均一温度、盐度为集中分布范围值（同一类样品有两组数据的，代表存在两个峰值区间）；密度为平均值（江西同达、内蒙古于家店、重庆彭水红花岭为区间值）；“—”表示无数据 
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