Geological characteristics and discussion on formation age of Santonggoubei sedimentary manganese deposit in eastern Kunlun of Qinghai
-
摘要:
东昆仑三通沟北锰矿床是近年来青海省发现的规模最大的海相沉积型锰矿。但目前该矿床研究程度较低，地质文献很少，尤其是赋矿岩系的形成时代及区域成矿地质背景存在争议。本文在赋矿岩系组成和矿床地质观察的基础上，重点对与锰矿关系密切的粉砂岩开展了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究，同时对矿区硅质岩中发现的放射虫化石进行了种属鉴定。结果表明：最年轻碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄优势峰为478 Ma，硅质岩中放射虫化石属奥陶纪—志留纪海底生物分子中的贝奥苏克虫。综合研究表明，研究区赋锰岩系应形成于奥陶纪—志留纪，不是前人认为的中-晚元古代；通过对比研究表明青海东昆仑南带在早古生代的构造环境为弧后（裂谷）盆地，该裂谷盆地与原特提斯洋北向俯冲的动力学背景有关。
Abstract:The Santonggoubei manganese deposit is the largest marine sedimentary manganese deposit found in Qinghai Province in recent years. At present, the research degree of the deposit is low and there are few geological documents. In particular, the formation age of ore-bearing rock series and regional geological background is controversial. On the basis of geological observation of host rock series and manganese deposit, the author analyzed the U-Pb age of detrital zircon from siltstone of the host rock, at the same time, radiolarian fossils found in siliceous rocks were identified. The results show that the dominant peak of the youngest detrital zircon U-Pb age is 478 Ma, and radiolarian fossils in siliceous rocks are benthic biomolecules from Ordovician to Silurian. The comprehensive results show that the manganese-bearing rock series in the study area should be formed in Ordovician to Silurian, rather than the Middle-Late Proterozoic thought by predecessors. It further provides a geological evidence for the tectonic environment of back arc (rift) basin by north subduction in eastern Kunlun in the Early Paleozoic.
-
-
图 1
东昆仑三通沟北锰矿大地构造位置图（据青海地质矿产勘查开发局，1997修改）
Figure 1.
Tectonic map of Santonggoubei Mn deposit in eastern Kunlun (modified after Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, 1997)
图 4
三通沟北锰矿8勘探线地质剖面图（含采样位置）
Figure 4.
Geological profile of the 8th exploration line in Santonggoubei Mn deposit (including sampling location)
图 5
三通沟北锰矿岩石与矿石野外及显微照片
Figure 5.
Field and microscopic photos of hosted rocks and ores of Santonggoubei Mn deposit
图 6
三通沟北锰矿区硅质岩放射虫（Beothuka sp.）镜下照片
Figure 6.
Radiolarian (Beothuka sp.) micrographs of siliceous rocks in the Santonggoubei Mn ore district
图 7
三通沟北锰矿区806LG-1样品碎屑锆石颗粒阴极发光图像及打点位置
Figure 7.
Cathodoluminescence image, dot position and corresponding age of detrital zircon particles in Santonggoubei Mn ore area
图 8
三通沟北锰矿区碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图（a）和分布频率直方图（b）
Figure 8.
Concorde graph (a) and distribution frequency histogram (b) of detrital zircon U-Pb ages in Santonggoubei Mn ore area
表 1
LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Th-Pb同位素组成
Table 1.
LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb isotopic composition of detrital zircons
样品编号 元素含量/×10-6 比值 同位素比值 U-Pb年龄/Ma Pb Th U Th/U 207Pb/235U 2σ 206Pb/238U 2σ 207Pb/206Pb 2σ 207Pb/235U 2σ 206Pb/238U 2σ 207Pb/206Pb 2σ 806LG-1-1 43.4 281.3 2224.0 0.13 0.1314 0.0061 0.0192 0.0003 0.0490 0.0022 125.3 5.5 122.6 2.1 136.0 96.0 806LG-1-2 70.3 203.0 1033.0 0.20 0.5380 0.0150 0.0617 0.0008 0.0630 0.0016 435.8 9.8 386.1 5.0 682.0 57.0 806LG-1-3 128.7 547.0 652.0 0.84 1.4170 0.0310 0.1484 0.0016 0.0691 0.0011 894.7 13.0 891.7 9.0 894.0 34.0 806LG-1-4 196.3 156.2 1183.0 0.13 1.4710 0.0340 0.1526 0.0021 0.0701 0.0011 917.2 14.0 915.0 12.0 922.0 31.0 806LG-1-5 122.8 217.3 391.4 0.56 3.1800 0.0690 0.2510 0.0028 0.0920 0.0014 1451.0 17.0 1443.0 14.0 1463.0 29.0 806LG-1-6 92.3 425.5 597.0 0.71 1.1870 0.0300 0.1269 0.0017 0.0671 0.0013 793.0 14.0 769.8 9.5 829.0 39.0 806LG-1-7 32.2 150.3 196.5 0.76 1.1850 0.0360 0.1323 0.0015 0.0652 0.0017 796.0 16.0 801.1 8.7 770.0 55.0 806LG-1-8 32.4 278.9 309.1 0.90 0.6020 0.0180 0.0773 0.0010 0.0563 0.0015 477.6 11.0 480.0 5.9 435.0 56.0 806LG-1-9 36.9 265.1 395.4 0.67 0.5930 0.0210 0.0761 0.0011 0.0568 0.0017 472.0 13.0 472.5 6.8 450.0 67.0 806LG-1-10 86.7 326.4 549.0 0.59 1.2810 0.0390 0.1372 0.0022 0.0668 0.0016 836.0 17.0 829.0 12.0 837.0 46.0 806LG-1-11 55.7 155.3 344.2 0.45 1.3190 0.0340 0.1397 0.0016 0.0681 0.0014 852.0 15.0 843.0 9.2 855.0 42.0 806LG-1-12 62.4 302.3 344.2 0.88 1.2520 0.0360 0.1365 0.0016 0.0670 0.0016 822.0 16.0 824.9 9.1 821.0 50.0 806LG-1-13 47.2 48.1 569.0 0.08 0.6100 0.0150 0.0771 0.0009 0.0575 0.0012 482.6 9.7 479.0 5.2 489.0 45.0 806LG-1-14 12.0 270.0 440.0 0.61 0.1550 0.0099 0.0226 0.0004 0.0495 0.0031 145.5 8.7 144.1 2.8 120.0 130.0 806LG-1-15 76.2 762.0 744.0 1.02 0.5930 0.0160 0.0769 0.0008 0.0558 0.0011 471.6 10.0 477.5 5.1 422.0 45.0 806LG-1-16 43.3 275.9 221.1 1.25 1.2680 0.0420 0.1406 0.0020 0.0653 0.0019 832.0 18.0 848.1 11.0 760.0 62.0 806LG-1-17 117.1 217.2 215.0 1.01 7.2120 0.1600 0.4020 0.0052 0.1298 0.0019 2138.0 20.0 2177.0 24.0 2090.0 26.0 806LG-1-18 19.7 124.1 240.2 0.52 0.5530 0.0210 0.0714 0.0010 0.0563 0.0020 446.0 14.0 444.2 5.9 411.0 75.0 806LG-1-19 41.4 204.9 225.6 0.91 1.3150 0.0370 0.1406 0.0017 0.0676 0.0016 849.0 16.0 848.8 9.2 828.0 52.0 806LG-1-20 31.9 146.2 189.8 0.77 1.2280 0.0370 0.1337 0.0015 0.0666 0.0018 812.0 17.0 808.9 8.7 790.0 56.0 806LG-1-21 34.3 269.3 375.3 0.72 0.5990 0.0190 0.0774 0.0008 0.0559 0.0015 475.0 12.0 480.5 5.1 413.0 59.0 806LG-1-22 34.1 529.0 1398.0 0.38 0.1443 0.0046 0.0210 0.0003 0.0498 0.0015 136.7 4.0 134.1 1.9 163.0 62.0 
下载: 导出CSV
-
陈仁义, 柏琴. 2004. 中国锰矿资源现状及锰矿勘查设想. 中国锰业, 22(2): 1-4. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMM200402001.htm
Chen Renyi and Bai Qin. 2004. The resources situation of China's Mn-ore and its exploration. China's Manganese Industry, 22(2): 1-4. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMM200402001.htm
陈有炘, 裴先治, 李瑞保等. 2013. 东昆仑东段纳赤台岩群变火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义. 地学前缘, 20(6): 240-254. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201306032.htm
Chen Youxin, Pei Xianzhi, Li Ruibao et al. 2013. Zircon U-Pb age, geochemical characteristics and tectonic significance of meta-volcanic rocks from Naij Tal Group, east section of East Kunlun. Earth Science Frontiers, 20(6): 240-254. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201306032.htm
董志国, 张连昌, 王长乐等. 2020. 沉积碳酸锰矿床研究进展及有待深入探讨的若干问题. 矿床地质, 39(2): 237-255. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ202002003.htm
Dong Zhiguo, Zhang Lianchang, Wang Changle et al. 2020. Advances and problems in understanding sedimentary manganese carbonate metallogenesis. Mineral Deposits, 39 (2): 237-255. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ202002003.htm
付勇, 徐志刚, 裴浩翔. 2014. 中国锰矿成矿规律初探. 地质学报, 88(12): 2192-2207. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201412004.htm
Fu Yong, Xu Zhigang and Pei Haoxiang. 2014. Study on metallogenic regularity of manganese ore deposits in China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88(12): 2192-2207. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201412004.htm
高永宝, 滕家欣, 李文渊等. 2018. 新疆西昆仑奥尔托喀讷什锰矿地质、地球化学及成因. 岩石学报, 34(8): 2341-2358. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201808010.htm
Gao Yongbao, Teng Jiaxin, Li Wenyuan et al. 2018. Geology, geochemistry and ore genesis of the Aoertuokanashi manganese deposit, western Kunlun, Xinjiang, Northwest China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 34(8): 2341-2358. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201808010.htm
郭桂兰. 2018. 东昆仑洪水河—清水河沉积变质型铁锰矿床地质特征及找矿标志. 世界有色金属, (16): 267-268. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-COLO201816159.htm
Guo Guilan. 2018. Geological characteristics and prospecting criteria of the flood river Qingshui River sedimentary metamorphic iron manganese deposit in eastern Kunlun. World Nonferrous Metals, (16): 267-268. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-COLO201816159.htm
郭崑明, 何安全, 白国龙等. 2018. 洪水河—清水河沉积变质型铁矿地质特征及矿床成因分析. 中国锰业, 36(3): 67-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMM201803019.htm
Guo Kunming, He Anquan, Bai Guolong et al. 2018. Geological characteristics and genetic analysis of sedimentary metamorphic iron ore deposits in Hongshuihe-Qingshuihe. China's Manganese Industry, 36(3): 67-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMM201803019.htm
何辉. 2017. 锰矿资源现状与锰矿勘察研究. 中国锰业, 35(2): 255-257. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMM201701007.htm
He Hui. 2017. Present situation of manganese ore resources and manganese ore exploration. China's Manganese Industry, 35(2): 255-257. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMM201701007.htm
侯可军, 李延河, 田有荣. 2009. LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石微区原位U-Pb定年技术. 矿床地质, 28(4): 481-492. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ200904009.htm
Hou Kejun, Li Yanhe and Tian Yourong. 2009. In situ U-Pb zircon dating using laser ablation-multi ion couting-ICP-MS. Mineral Deposits, 28(4): 481-492. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ200904009.htm
侯宗林, 薛友智, 黄金水. 1997. 扬子地台周边锰矿. 北京: 冶金工业出版社. 1-364.
Hou Zonglin, Xue Youzhi and Huang Jinshui. 1997. Manganese Ore around Yangtze Platform. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press. 1-364.
靳立杰, 周汉文, 王继林等. 2015. 东昆仑地区纳赤台群碎屑岩段碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义. 地质通报, 34(10): 1848-1859. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD201510008.htm
Jin Lijie, Zhou Hanwen, Wang Jilin et al. 2015. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of the detrital zircons from clastic rocks of Naij Tal Group in East Kunlun and its geological implications. Geological Bulletin of China, 34(10): 1848-1859. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD201510008.htm
刘世宝, 张爱奎, 刘光莲等. 2016. 东昆仑洪水河铁锰矿床特征及发现意义. 西北地质, 49(1): 197-205. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBDI201601022.htm
Liu Shibao, Zhang Aikui, Liu Guanglian et al. 2016. Geological characteristics of the Hongshuihe iron-manganese deposit in eastern Kunlun metallogenic belt and its discovery significance. Northwestern Geology, 49(1): 197-205. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBDI201601022.htm
青海地质矿产勘查开发局. 1997. 青海省岩石地层. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社. 1-340.
Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development. 1997. Lithostratigraphy of Qinghai Province. Wuhan: Publishing House of China University of Geosciences. 1-340.
王生明, 张大明, 李泽峰等. 2018. 青海洪水河锰矿床地质特征及成因探讨. 矿产勘查, 9(6): 1078-1086. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSJS201806006.htm
Wang Shengming, Zhang Daming, Li Zefeng et al. 2018. Discussion on geological characteristics and genesis of Hongshuihe manganese deposit in Dulan, Qinghai. Mineral Exploration, 9(6): 1078-1086. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSJS201806006.htm
许志琴, 杨经绥, 李海兵等. 2006. 中央造山带早古生代地体构架与高压/超高压变质带的形成. 地质学报, 80(12): 1793-1806. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200612001.htm
Xu Zhiqin, Yang Jingsui, Li Haibing et al. 2006. The Early Palaeozoic terrene framework and the formation of the high-pressure (HP) and ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic belts at the Central Orogenic Belt (COB). Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(12): 1793-1806. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200612001.htm
阴江宁, 肖克炎. 2014. 中国锰矿资源潜力分析及成矿预测. 中国地质, 41(5): 1424-1437. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201405002.htm
Yin Jiangning and Xiao Keyan. 2014. Resources potential analysis and metallogenic prospect of Mn resources in China. Geology in China, 41(5): 1424-1437. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201405002.htm
赵静纯, 代威, 屈光菊等. 2020. 青海都兰县三通沟北地区锰矿地质特征及找矿前景. 矿产勘查, 11(7): 1372-1378. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSJS202007008.htm
Zhao Jingchun, Dai Wei, Qu Guangju et al. 2020. Geological characteristics and prospecting potentiality of north Santonggou manganese deposit in Dulan County, Qinghai Province. Mineral Exploration, 11(7): 1372-1378. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSJS202007008.htm
张连昌, 张帮禄, 董志国等. 2020. 西昆仑玛尔坎苏石炭纪大型锰矿带构造背景与成矿条件. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 50(5): 1340-1357. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ202005006.htm
Zhang Lianchang, Zhang Banglu, Dong Zhiguo et al. 2020. Tectonic setting and metallogenetic conditions of the Carboniferous Malkansu giant manganese belt in the West Kunlun Orogen. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 50(5): 1340-1357. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ202005006.htm
张雪亭, 杨生德, 杨站君等. 2007. 青海省板块构造研究. 北京: 地质出版社. 1-177.
Zhang Xueting, Yang Shengde, Yang Zhanjun et al. 2007. Studies on Plate Tectonic of Qinghai Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1-177.
周琦, 杜远生, 袁良军等. 2016. 黔湘渝毗邻区南华纪武陵裂谷盆地结构及其对锰矿的控制作用. 地球科学, 41(2): 177-188. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201602001.htm
Zhou Qi, Du Yuansheng, Yuan Liangjun et al. 2016. The structure of the Wuling rift basin and its control on the manganese deposit during the Nanhua Period in Guizhou-Hunan-Chongqing border area, South China. Earth Scinence, 41(2): 177-188. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201602001.htm
Beukes N J, Swindell E P W and Wabo H. 2016. Manganese Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39(2): 286-314. DOI: 10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95779.
Dong X P, Knoll A H and Lipps J H. 1997. Late Cambrian Radiolaria from Hunan, China. Journal of Paleontology, 71(5): 753-758. DOI: 10.1017/S002233600003571X.
Fan D L, Ye J and Li J. 1999. Geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Middle Proterozoic Wafangzi ferromanganese deposit, Liaoning Province, China. Ore Geology Reviews. 115(1/2/3): 31-53. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00013-X.
Frakes L A and Bolton B R. 1984. Origin of manganese giants: Sea-level change and anoxic-oxic history. Geology, 12(2): 83-86. DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<83:OOMGSC>2.0.CO;2.
Frakes L A and Bolton B R. 1992. Effects of ocean chemistry, sea level, and climate on the formation of primary sedimentary manganese ore deposits. Economic Geology, 87(5): 1207-1217. DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.87.5.1207.
Huckriede H and Meischner D. 1996. Origin and environment of manganese-rich sediments within black-shale basins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(8): 1399-1413. DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00008-7.
Maynard J B. 2010. The chemistry of manganese ores through time: A signal of increasing diversity of Earth-surface environments. Economic Geology, 105(3): 535-552. DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.535.
Okita P M and Shanks W C. 1992. Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: Examples from Molango, Mexico, and Taojiang, China. Chemical Geology, 99(1-3): 139-163. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5.
Roy S. 2006. Sedimentary manganese metallogenesis in response to the evolution of the Earth system. Earth-Science Reviews, 77(4): 273-305. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.03.004.
Yu W C, Algeo T J, Du Y S et al. 2016. Genesis of Cryogenian Datangpo manganese deposit: Hydrothermal influence and episodic post-glacial ventilation of Nanhua Basin, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 459: 321-337. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.023.
Zhang B L, Wang C L, Robbins L J et al. 2020. Petrography and geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash manganese deposit in western Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang Province, China: Implications for the depositional environment and manganese carbonate mineralization. Economic Geology, 115(7): 1559-1588. DOI: 10.5382/econgeo.4729.
-
图(8)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数:
- PDF下载数:
- 施引文献: 0