-
摘要:
Muglad盆地是中非剪切带南侧的一个中—新生代陆内裂谷盆地，位于该盆地东北部的Fula凹陷内的中央断裂带是最重要的含油气区带之一。受地震资料品质及勘探研究程度限制，前人对于该地区的构造特征及形成演化有着不同的认识。本文基于Fula凹陷地震及钻、测井资料，采用二维及三维断距定量分析技术，对中央断裂带的构造几何特征、断距分布特点及形成演化史进行研究。结果表明：1）Fula凹陷中央断裂带的主干断裂之间的几何关系为背向倾斜，位移变换方式为叠覆式，中部地区以堑垒式结构向东、西两侧过渡，其属于背向叠置型变换构造。2）中央断裂带的主干断裂沿走向分段性明显，每条主干断裂都由数目不等的多条小断层连接而成。其中F1、F3与F2断层分别由2、3与3条小断层首尾相接而成。3）中央断裂带各主干断裂主要从第二期裂陷时开始活动，并在后两期裂陷作用中主干断裂活动强度表现为“由强转弱”的突变特征，同时研究区内伸展作用并不均衡，伸展中心快速向北迁移。
Abstract:The Muglad Basin is a Meso-Cenozoic intracontinental rift basin on the southern side of the Central Africa Shear Zone(CASZ)and the central fault zone in the Fula sag, which is in the northeast of the basin, bears rich hydrocarbon resources. The limitation of the seismic data and the degree of exploration research has led previous scholars to have different understanding of the structural characteristics and evolution of the region. Based on the seismic, drilling and well logging of the Fula sag, the two-and-three-dimensional fault throw quantitative analysis were utilized to study the geometric characteristics, fault throw distribution and formation and evolution history of the central fault zone. Results show that: 1)the relative dip direction of the main faults, F1 and F3, in the central fault zone is divergent. The map position of the fault relative to the other is overlapping. The tectonic style in the middle section is a "graben-horst" combination. Hence the Fula-Moga transfer zone belongs to the divergent-overlapping type. 2)The main faults of the central fault zone are obviously segmented along strike, which are connected by a handful of modest faults. The main faults F1, F3, and F2 are laterally connected by 2, 3, and 3 minor faults, respectively. 3)The main faults comprising the central fault zone have been active mainly since the second rifting, and above faults weakened abruptly in activity intensity during the transition period between the last two riftings. During these two riftings, the extension in the study area was uneven, and the extensional center moved northward rapidly.
-
-
图 1
Fula凹陷构造单元划分（a）及综合柱状图（b）（据Genik，1993；吴冬等，2015；王彦奇等，2019；张光亚等，2019修改）
Figure 1.
Division of structural units(a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column(b)of Fula sag (modified after Wu et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019)
图 3
中央断裂带Bentiu组顶部倾角斜视图
Figure 3.
Oblique views of the central fault zone at Bentiu Formation top in dip angle
图 4
中央断裂带造各组顶面构造斜视图
Figure 4.
Oblique views of the central fault zone at top Amal to top AG Formation
图 7
中央断裂带主干断裂断层面断距平面图
Figure 7.
Fault‑plane throw diagrams for main faults of the central fault zone
-
陈发景. 2003. 调节带(或传递带)的基本概念和分类. 现代地质, 17(2): 186-207. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2003.02.018
Chen Fajing. 2003. Basic concept and classification of regulating belt(or transfer belt). Geoscience, 17(2): 186-207. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2003.02.018
窦立荣, 潘校华, 田作基等. 2006. 苏丹裂谷盆地油气藏的形成与分布——兼与中国东部裂谷盆地对比分析. 石油勘探与开发, 33(3): 255-261. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2006.03.001
Dou Lirong, Pan Xiaohua, Tian Zuoji et al. 2006. Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan: A comparative analysis of them with rift basins in East China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 33(3): 255-261. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2006.03.001
窦立荣, 肖坤叶, 胡勇等. 2011. 乍得Bongor盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式. 石油学报, 32(3): 379-386. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201103001.htm
Dou Lirong, Xiao Kunye, Hu Yong et al. 2011. Petroleum geological characteristics and accumulation model of the Bongor Basin in Chad. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 32(3): 379-386. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201103001.htm
李鹭光, 何海清, 范土芝等. 2020. 中国石油油气勘探进展与上游业务发展战略. 中国石油勘探, 25(1): 1-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.01.001
Li Luguang, He Haiqing, Fan Tuzhi et al. 2020. Oil and gas exploration progress and upstream development strategy of CNPC. China Petroleum Exploration, 25(1): 1-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.01.001
漆家福. 2007. 裂陷盆地中的构造变换带及其石油地质意义. 海相油气地质, 12(4): 43-50. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ200704009.htm
Qi Jiafu. 2007. Structural transfer zones and significance for hydrocarbon accumulation in rifting basins. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 12(4): 43-50. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ200704009.htm
童晓光, 窦立荣, 田作基等. 2004. 苏丹穆格莱特盆地的地质模式和成藏模式. 石油学报, 25(1): 19-24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB200401003.htm
Tong Xiaoguang, Dou Lirong, Tian Zuoji et al. 2004. Geological mode and hydrocarbon accumulation mode in Muglad passive rift basin of Sudan. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 25(1): 19-24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB200401003.htm
汪望泉, 窦立荣, 张志伟等. 2007. 苏丹福拉凹陷转换带特征及其与油气的关系. 石油勘探与开发, 34(1): 124-127. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200701026.htm
Wang Wangquan, Dou Lirong, Zhang Zhiwei et al. 2007. Transfer zone character and its relationship to hydrocarbon in Fula sag, Sudan. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 34(1): 124-127. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200701026.htm
王秀林, 汪望泉, 李素珍等. 2000. M盆地的构造特征及与油气的关系. 石油与天然气地质, 21(1): 76-79. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT200001018.htm
Wang Xiulin, Wang Wangquan, Li Suzhen et al. 2000. Structural feature of M Basin and its relation to oil and gas. Oil & Gas Geology, 21(1): 76-79. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT200001018.htm
王彦奇, 张光亚, 刘爱香等. 2019. 非洲中部Muglad盆地Fula凹陷断裂特征分析. 地质科学, 54(1): 145-158. http://www.dzkx.org/article/doi/10.12017/dzkx.2019.009
Wang Yanqi, Zhang Guangya, Liu Aixiang et al. 2019. Fault characteristics of Fula sag, Muglad Basin in central Africa. Chinese Journal of Geology, 54(1): 145-158. http://www.dzkx.org/article/doi/10.12017/dzkx.2019.009
吴冬, 朱筱敏, 李志等. 2015. 苏丹Muglad盆地Fula凹陷白垩纪断陷期沉积模式. 石油勘探与开发, 42(3): 319-327. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201503009.htm
Wu Dong, Zhu Xiaomin, Li Zhi et al. 2015. Depositional models in Cretaceous rift stage of Fula sag, Muglad Basin, Sudan. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 42(3): 319-327. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201503009.htm
吴冬, 朱筱敏, 刘常妮等. 2017. Fula凹陷中央转换带对岩性油藏勘探的意义——以Abu Gabra组为例. 岩性油气藏, 29(4): 64-72. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YANX201704008.htm
Wu Dong, Zhu Xiaomin, Liu Changni et al. 2017. Significance of central transfer zone on lithologic reservoir exploration: A case of Abu Gabra Formation in Fula sag, Muglad Basin, Sudan. Lithologic Reservoirs, 29(4): 64-72. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YANX201704008.htm
于开财, 李胜利, 于兴河等. 2010. 裂谷盆地深层石油地质特征与油气成藏条件. 地学前缘, 17(5): 289-295. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201005031.htm
Yu Kaicai, Li Shengli, Yu Xinghe et al. 2010. Geological characteristics of rift basin's deep buried strata and conditions of petroleum reservoir formation. Earth Science Frontiers, 17(5): 289-295. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201005031.htm
张光亚, 黄彤飞, 刘计国等. 2019. 非洲Muglad多旋回陆内被动裂谷盆地演化及其控油气作用. 岩石学报, 35(4): 1194-1212. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201904014.htm
Zhang Guangya, Huang Tongfei, Liu Jiguo et al. 2019. Multi-cycle evolution of the intracontinental passive rift basins and its controlling on accumulation of oil & gas: Taking Muglad Basin in Africa as an example. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 35(4): 1194-1212. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201904014.htm
张宁宁, 王青, 王建君等. 2018. 近20年世界油气新发现特征与勘探趋势展望. 中国石油勘探, 23(1): 44-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY201801005.htm
Zhang Ningning, Wang Qing, Wang Jianjun et al. 2018. Characteristics of oil and gas discoveries in recent 20 years and future exploration in the world. China Petroleum Exploration, 23(1): 44-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY201801005.htm
张亚敏, 陈发景. 2002. 穆格莱德盆地形成特点与勘探潜力. 石油与天然气地质, 23(3): 236-240. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT200203006.htm
Zhang Yamin and Chen Fajing. 2002. The development feature and hydrocarbon exploration potential in Muglud Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 23(3): 236-240. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT200203006.htm
张亚敏, 陈发景. 2006. 穆格莱德盆地构造调节带与勘探前景. 中国石油勘探, 11(3): 79-83+8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY200603014.htm
Zhang Yamin and Chen Fajing. 2006. Structure accommodation zone and exploration prospect in Muglad Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 11(3): 79-83+8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY200603014.htm
张亚敏, 漆家福. 2007. 穆格莱德盆地构造地质特征与油气富集. 石油与天然气地质, 28(5): 669-674. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT200705021.htm
Zhang Yamin and Qi Jiafu. 2007. Structural geological characteristics and hydrocarbon enrichment of the Muglad Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 28(5): 669-674. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT200705021.htm
Burke K and Dewey J F. 1973. Plume-generated triple junctions: Key indicators in applying plate tectonics to old rocks. Journal of Geology, 81(4): 406-433. DOI:10.1086/627882.
Chapman T J P and Meneilly A W. 1991. The displacement patterns associated with a reverse-reactivated, normal growth fault. // Roberts A, Yielding G and Freeman B. Geometry of Normal Faults. London: Geological Society Special Publications. 183-191.
Childs C, Easton S J, Vendeville B C et al. 1993. Kinematic analysis of faults in a physical model of growth faulting above a viscous salt analogue. Tectonophysics, 228(3): 313-329. DOI:10.1016/0040-1951(93)90346-L.
Cowie P A and Scholz C H. 1992. Displacement-length scaling relationship for faults: Data synthesis and discussion. Journal of Structural Geology, 14(10): 1149-1156. DOI:10.1016/0191-8141(92)90066-6.
Dahlstrom C D A. 1970. Structural geology in the eastern margin of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 18(3): 332-406. DOI:10.35767/gscpgbull.18.3.332.
Dou L R, Cheng D S, Li Z et al. 2013. Petroleum geology of the Fula sub-basin, Muglad Basin, Sudan. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 36(1): 43-59. DOI:10.1111/jpg.12541.
Faulds J and Varga R J. 1998. The role of accommodation zones and transfer zones in the regional segmentation of extended terranes. // Faulds J E and Stewart J H. Accommodation Zones and Transfer Zones: The Rgional Segmentation of the Basin and Range Province. Boulder, U.S.A. : Geological Society of America. 1-46.
Fraser S I, Fraser A J, Lentini M R et al. 2007. Return to rifts - the next wave: Fresh insights into the petroleum geology of global rift basins. Petroleum Geoscience, 13(2): 99-104. DOI:10.1144/1354-079307-749.
Genik G J. 1993. Petroleum geology of rift basins in Niger, Chad, and Central African Republic. AAPG Bulletin, 77(8): 1405-1434. DOI:10.1306/BDFF8EAC-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Gregory J W. 1894. Contribution to the physical geography of British East Africa. Geographical Journal, 4(4): 289-315. DOI:10.2307/1773534.
Klemme H D. 2007. Petroleum basins - classifications and characteristics. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 3(2): 187-207. DOI:DOI:10.1111/J.1747-5457.1980.TB00982.X.
Morley C, Nelson R, Patton T et al. 1990. Transfer zones in the East African rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration in rifts. AAPG Bulletin, 74(8): 1234-1253. DOI:10.1306/0C9B2475-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Rowan M G, Hart B S, Nelson S et al. 1998. Three-dimensional geometry and evolution of a salt-related growth-fault array: Eugene Island 330 field, offshore Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 15(4): 309-328. DOI:10.1016/S0264-8172(98)00021-X.
Scott D L and Rosendahl B R. 1989. North Viking graben: An East African perspective. AAPG Bulletin, 73(2): 155-165. DOI:10.1306/703C9AFF-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Walsh J J and Watterson J. 1988. Analysis of the relationship between displacements and dimensions of faults. Journal of Structural Geology, 10(3): 239-247. DOI:10.1016/0191-8141(88)90057-0.
Watterson J. 1986. Fault dimensions, displacements and growth. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 124(1): 365-373. DOI: 10.1007/BF00875732.
Xu S S, Nieto-Samaniego A F and Li D X. 2004. Relationship between fault length and maximum displacement and influenced factors. Earth Science Frontiers, 11(4): 567-573.
-
下载:
图(9)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1861
- PDF下载数: 49
- 施引文献: 0